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Comparative lipidomic analysis of

Bin QIAO, Hong-Chi TIAN, Ying-Jin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 461-469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1223-3

摘要： Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of long-chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more long-chains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.

关键词： lipidomics systems biology phospholipids stirred-tank saccharomyces cerevisiae biorefinery engineering

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木质素电化学生物炼制制备化学品和生物油提质 Review

胡锐, 赵玉莹, 唐晨, 石岩, 罗刚, 范佳珺, James H. Clark, 张士成

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 178-198 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.013

摘要：

Recalcitrance and the inherent heterogeneity of lignin structure are the major bottlenecks to impede the popularization of lignin-based chemicals production processes. Recent works suggested a promising pathway for lignin depolymerization and lignin-derived bio-oil upgrading via an electrochemical biorefinery (a process in which lignin valorization is performed via electrochemical oxidation or reduction). This review presents the progress on chemicals synthesis and bio-oil upgrading from lignin by an electrochemical biorefinery, relating to the lignin biosynthesis pathway, reaction pathway of lignin electrochemical conversion, inner-sphere and outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism, basic kinetics and thermodynamics in electrochemistry, and the recent embodiments analysis with the emphasis on the respective feature and limitation for lignin electrochemical oxidative and reductive conversion. Lastly, the challenge and perspective associated with lignin electrochemical biorefinery are discussed. Present-day results indicate that more work should be performed to promote efficiency, selectivity, and stability in pursuing a lignin electrochemical biorefinery. One of the most promising developing directions appears to be integrating various types of lignin electrochemical conversion strategies and other existing or evolving lignin valorization technologies. This review aims to provide more references and discussion on the development for lignin electrochemical biorefinery.

关键词：木质素电化学生物炼制反应途径电子转移机制动力学热力学

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Synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from hardwood and softwood pulp using ferric sulphate as catalyst

Agneev Mukherjee, Guillermo Portillo-Perez, Marie-Josée Dumont

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 531-542 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1814-3

摘要： Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural are promising chemicals for the creation of a bio-based economy. The development of an inexpensive catalytic system for converting cellulosic biomass into these chemicals is an important step in this regard. Ferric sulphate is a common, cheap and non-toxic Lewis acid that has been used to catalyse reactions such as wood depolymerisation. In this work, ferric sulphate was used to help the production of HMF and furfural from hardwood and softwood pulps. It was found that for hardwood pulp, the use of ferric sulphate alone gave a maximum HMF yield of 31.6 mol-%. The addition of the ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl or HCl as co-catalysts did not lead to an increase in the yields obtained. A prior decationisation step, however, resulted in HMF yields of 50.4 mol-%. Softwood pulp was harder to depolymerise than hardwood, with a yield of 28.7% obtained using ferric sulphate alone. The maximum HMF yield from softwood, 37.9 mol-%, was obtained using a combination of ferric sulphate and dilute HCl. It was thus concluded that ferric sulphate is a promising catalyst for HMF synthesis from cellulosic biomass.

关键词： 5-hydroxymethylfurfural hardwood softwood ferric sulphate biorefinery

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Crop residues: applications of lignocellulosic biomass in the context of a biorefinery

Maria Carolina ANDRADE, Caio de Oliveira GORGULHO SILVA, Leonora Rios de SOUZA MOREIRA, Edivaldo Ximenes FERREIRA FILHO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 224-245 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0730-7

摘要： Interest in lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies has increased recently because of their potential to reduce the dependency on non-renewable feedstocks. Residues from a variety of crops are the major source of lignocellulose, which is being produced in increasingly large quantities worldwide. The commercial exploitation of crop residues as feedstocks for biorefineries which could be used to produce a variety of goods such as biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, and enzymes is an attractive approach not only for adding value to residues but also for providing renewable products required by the expanding bioeconomy market. Moreover, the implementation of biorefineries in different regions has the potential to add value to the specific crop residues produced in the region. In this review, several aspects of crop residue application in biorefineries are discussed, including the role of crop residues in the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts, the main technical aspects of crop residue conversion in biorefineries, the main crop residues generated in different regions of the world and their availability, the potential value-added bioproducts that can be extracted or produced from each crop residue, and the major advantages and challenges associated with crop residue utilization in biorefineries. Despite their potential, most biomass refining technologies are not sufficiently advanced or financially viable. Several technical obstacles, especially with regard to crop residue collection, handling, and pre-treatment, prevent the implementation of biorefineries on a commercial scale. Further research is needed to resolve these scale-up-related challenges. Increased governmental incentives and bioeconomic strategies are expected to boost the biorefinery market and the cost competitiveness of biorefinery products.

关键词： crop residue biorefinery bioproduct biomass circular bioeconomy enzyme

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全国生物制造工程年会（Bio-Manufacturing Engineering Institution Annual Meeting）

会议日期： 2019年12月02日

会议地点：中国/北京/海淀

主办单位：中国机械工程学会生物制造工程分会，中国生物材料学会生物材料先进制造分会，清华大学

工程与工程管理的哲学思考

何继善,王孟钧

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 9-12

摘要：

当前，我国正处于经济建设快速发展时期，许多重大工程相继建成并投入使用，凸现工程活动的重要地位和工程管理的巨大作用，标志着我国已经进入工程时代。工程时代呼唤工程哲学，工程建设管理活动离不开哲学思想指导，大力开展工程哲学研究既是哲学发展的必然，又是时代的迫切要求。文章在分析工程哲学的形成、发展及主要研究内容的基础上，提出了工程的哲学内涵与本质：物质性、变化性和时空性，进而对工程管理的理念、价值观、方法论、组织与创新等方面的哲学内涵进行了探讨，以促进我国工程管理理论的发展和管理水平的提高。

关键词：工程哲学工程工程管理哲学思考

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Engineering Informatics: State of the Art and Future Trends

Li-da Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 270-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014038

摘要： Engineering informatics is an emerging engineering discipline integrating information technology or informatics with a variety of engineering disciplines. It is an interdisciplinary scientific subject focusing on applying advanced information and communications technology (ICT) to a variety of engineering disciplines. Rapid advances in industrial information integration methods have spurred the growth of new techniques that can be used for probing industrial information integration including engineering informatics. These techniques include business process management (BPM), enterprise architecture (EA), enterprise application integration (EAI), service-oriented architecture (SOA), and others. Practical applications may require a combination of these techniques that have originated from different disciplines. These techniques have the potential to contribute to engineering informatics. For integrating complex engineering systems, both formal methods and systems methods are crucial. In this paper, we briefl review the state of the art of engineering informatics as it interfacing with industrial information integration.

关键词： engineering informatics industrial integration industrial information integration engineering (IIIE) engineering management

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Synergetic Management Theory for Coal-Based Energy Engineering and the Engineering Practice of Shenhua

Wen Ling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016005

摘要： To deal with problems in synergetic development of coal-based energy engineering, this paper, guided by the philosophy of engineering, proposes the synergetic management philosophy of “factors coordination, systems synergy, dynamic optimization and three-dimension planning.” The paper also establishes the synergetic management system characterized by systems factor synergy, resource-environment synergy and systems boundary extension and supported by the “two-wheel driven” management innovation and technological innovation. In addition, the paper presents a multi-objective dynamic optimization model for energy engineering, designed based on Shenhua’s own engineering practice, to analyze Pareto optimal solution in three scenarios: best resource allocation, minimal environmental impact and maximal value creation. This provides important reference to synergetic development strategies and decision-making in engineering management.

关键词： coal-based energy engineering synergetic management two-wheel driven innovation Shenhua engineering

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Engineering and Philosophy of Engineering

Rui-yu Yin,Bo-cong Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 140-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014021

摘要： Philosophy of engineering lays the philosophical foundation of recognition, understanding and management of engineering. Being the kernel of philosophy of engineering, engineering ontology becomes the master key to understanding of engineering. The paper proposes and interprets the principal theses of engineering ontology, which differs from understanding of engineering in separate elements. Engineering ontology believes that engineering is the direct, realistic productivity that runs dynamically and feasibly and creates values. Engineering involves the relationship between human beings and the nature as well as the relationship between human beings and the society, and it has been a basic motive force and a basic way of promoting the social development, so that engineering gains the ontological status and fundamental value in social existence and social development. From the historical point of view, the engineering appears before the emergence of technology and science. Engineering has its own basis for existence, its own structure and its own laws for movement and evolution. Engineering should not be simply regarded as the ramification and derivative from science or technology. Engineering ontology is the theoretical basis of the triism of “science, technology, and engineering”. To understand and handle the mutual relationship among engineering, technology and science, by the evaluation criteria of engineering as the direct productivity, the process and effect of engineering-centered selection, integration and construction must be emphasized and the characteristic and mechanism of selection, integration and construction must be paid high attention. Under no circumstance may the engineering be deemed as an unchanged matter, which is constantly evolving and developing, so the studies on engineering ontology are closely and internally related with the theory of engineering evolution.

关键词： engineering philosophy of engineering engineering ontology productivity engineering value

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Yesterday, Today and Future of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

Hiral Shah,Walter Nowocin

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 60-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015009

摘要： Young engineers are often promoted to leadership roles such as a team leader or a manager within 3 to 6 years of graduating from an undergraduate degree in a technical area. To be competent and successful in their leadership role engineers need to update their engineering management knowledge and learn new skills. The purpose of engineering management body of knowledge (EMBOK) is to delineate the knowledge, skills, and competency areas that are applicable to the engineering management discipline. It basically answers the question, “What does it take to be an effective engineering manager?” The EMBOK is based on a validated study and can be used for curriculum development, certification exams, and professional development programs. This paper describes the 11 domains that are included in the EMBOK and discuss the future publication of the EMBOK Guide. American Society for Engineering Management (ASEM) offers two certification exams based on the EMBOK, Associate Engineering Manager (AEM) and Professional Engineering Manager (PEM).These certification exams can help an individual in the engineering management profession to show that they have kept up in the field and possess the necessary skills and competency to practice in the discipline. A detailed description of this certification program is included in this paper. The future of EMBOK and the certification program is also discussed.

关键词： body of knowledge engineering management certification exam engineering manager competency areas

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The 2015 International Summit Forum on Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy, the 205thChina Engineering Science and Technology Forum, and the 9th China Engineering Management Forum Held

China Engineering Management Forum Organization Committee

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 195-197 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015032

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Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 402-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014047

摘要： Reducing the frequency of engineering accidents is a “people’s responsibility.” Increased attention to engineering ethics is inevitable. Engineering ethics are a stance, attitude or outlook, not easily learned by lectures. This article explores the utility of student teamwork by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and acknowledging the benefits of professional knowledge and professional ethics possessed by the professional teachers, under professional teacher guidance, in order to improve levels of engineering education ethics. There are 5 key points: ① team member recruitment standards; ② team size; ③ team name and motto; ④ team group activities; ⑤ extending the spirit into the post-graduate period.

关键词： engineering ethic professional teachers students’ team engineering management

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Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 775-776 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2172-0

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Revealing Engineering Management System and Education Model in Developed Countries for Engineering Management

Jian-ya Jiang,Yang-wei Rao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 406-409 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014049

摘要： Different developed countries have differences in regulations for engineering management systems. The related education modes and their curriculum arrangement in universities in the US, UK, and Germany show their specializations. Through comparative research into engineering management systems and professional education modes between China and these developed countries, the paper proposes suggestions for improving the education of engineering management majors in China, which could speed up development of Chinese engineering general contracting enterprises and engineering project management enterprises.

关键词： engineering management system education mode comparative research training improvement

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解析工程的本质———兼论工程与科学技术的关系

黄正荣

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 115-119

摘要：

工程是指运用特定的相关的工程科学、工程技术和管理原理，优化集成整合生产要素和资源，遵循必要的程序、设计文件、规范、规程和标准，在一定的约束条件下对自然进行改造所实施的建设（包括决策、设计、建造、评价）活动和过程，其最终成果是一个具备预定功能的“工程实体”。工程的本质就是各种利用和改造自然的群体性活动方式的总和。工程的基本特征有集成性、群体性、动态性和合约性。工程与科学技术的紧密关系反映了科学技术工程一体化，反映了工程与科学技术的融合、统一及互动作用。

关键词：工程工程的本质工程的特征工程全球化科学技术工程一体化